This article was first published by ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute as a Fulcrum commentary Pilgrimage, Piety, and Politics: “Haji” Presidents in Indonesia and translated for republication by Berita Harian on 5 July 2023.
Dr Norshahril Saat is Senior Fellow and Coordinator, Regional Social and Cultural Studies Programme at ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute. Dr Ahmad Muhajir is a Visiting Fellow at ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute.
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